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Doa ringkas selepas solat
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Wanita hamil dan BUASIR
Wanita yang hamil adalah wanita yang seharusnya sihat. Mereka bukan pesakit. Kehamilan adalah proses fisiologi yang sihat. Orang tidak pernah hamil dikatakan tidak mempunyai proses fisiologi yang normal. Namun orang yang hamil lebih mudah menderita pelbagai penyakit akibat kehamilannya.Antara penyakit yang mudah dialami oleh wanita yang hamil ialah buasir. Ia adalah penyakit yang boleh dielakkan jika dari awal, seseorang berhati-hati menjaga kesihatan dirinya. Namun apabila telah ditimpa penyakit, banyaklah bersabar dan berusahalah untuk mendapat rawatan yang sesuai.
Saya mendapat email dari seorang wanita yang hamil dan mengalami penyakit buasir.
“Assalammualaikum, saya berusia 27 tahun, sekarang hamil 25 minggu. pada 19.10.11 saya mengalami BUASIR dan ‘ketumbuhan’ itu masih boleh ditolak masuk dubur, tetapi ia keluar dengan sendirinya. Keesokan paginya (20.10.11) ia menjadi bengkak dan sakit sehingga tak boleh ditolak masuk semula.
Selepas pemeriksaan di klinik, doktor membekalkan saya ubat suppositori. Namun saya masih mengalami sakit yang tidak tertahan sehingga menyukarkan pergerakan.
Pada 25.10.11, saya dirujuk ke hospital kerana sakit tidak berkurangan. Setelah diperiksa pakar bedah, saya didiagnosakan sebagai “trombosed haemorrhoid stage II”. Doktor pakar surgeri cuba memasukkan semula buasir yg bengkak,tetapi tidak berjaya. Saya diberi ubat lactoluse kerana 3 hari tidak buang air besar dan dinasihatkan mengamalkan diet bubur.
Pada 26.10.11,saya membuang air besar 4 kali, najis lembut berwarna hijau dan kelabu dan tiada darah lagi. Sakit pada dubur semakin berkurangan selepas disapu dengan sapuan topikal. Akhirnya dibenarkan keluar dan dibekalkan tablet daflon, beserta liquid parafin. Sakit hilang,
Walaupun tidak lagi sakit, tetapi saya masih berasa pedih sedikit selepas buang air besar. Namun buasir tidak boleh dimasukkan semula.
Doktor, adakah saya perlu rujuk pakar bedah semula kerana buasir masih tidak boleh dimasukkan semula walaupun tidak sakit dan tiada darah. adakah keadaan ini akan berlanjutan sehingga saya melahirkan nanti?
Harap dr dapat menjawab soalan saya,keadaan ini membuatkan saya stress ditambah lagi baru kehilangan arwah bapa akibat barah usus.Sekian,terima kasih”.
Wanita hamil, Klang.
Tidak ada ayat yang dapat melegakan kesakitan fizikal dan emosi yang dihadapi oleh beliau. Namun percayalah bahawa setiap ujian diberikan berbentuk penyakit dan kerisauan akan dibalas dengan kebaikan oleh Allah. Sesungguhnya, setiap manusia diuji dengan pelbagai ujian bagi menguji setakat mana keimanan mereka.
Penyakit buasir atau “hemorrhoids” biasanya dihadapi oleh mereka yang berumur 50 tahun ke atas. Mereka mudah mendapat penyakit ini berbanding dengan orang muda. Tetapi buasir boleh juga disebabkan oleh pelbagai punca. Antaranya ialah faktor keturunan, sembelit, kehamilan, dan aktiviti mengangkat berat.
Hemorrhoids boleh dikategorikan kepada dua kumpulan. ’Internal haemorrhoid’ berlaku apabila buasir bermula dari dalam saluran dubur. Sementara ‘external haemorrhoids’ pula berasal dari kawasan sekeliling lubang dubur. Buasir yang disebabkan oleh internal hemorrhoids boleh berdarah dari dalam saluran dubur dan ‘terkeluar’ (prolapse). Pesakit boleh merasa ada ‘ketumbuhan’ di luar lubang dubur (anus) mereka terutama ketika buang air besar.
Internal hemorrhoids boleh dibahagikan kepada 4 bahagian (stage).
Stage I: Buasir hanya berdarah saja, tetapi tidak terkeluar
Stage II: Buasir terkeluar dan boleh dimasukkan semula dengan sendirinya , sama ada berdarah atau tidak
Stage III: Buasir terkeluar dan perlu ditolak semula ke dalam dengan jari, sama ada berdarah atau tidak
Hemorrhoids boleh dikategorikan kepada dua kumpulan. ’Internal haemorrhoid’ berlaku apabila buasir bermula dari dalam saluran dubur. Sementara ‘external haemorrhoids’ pula berasal dari kawasan sekeliling lubang dubur. Buasir yang disebabkan oleh internal hemorrhoids boleh berdarah dari dalam saluran dubur dan ‘terkeluar’ (prolapse). Pesakit boleh merasa ada ‘ketumbuhan’ di luar lubang dubur (anus) mereka terutama ketika buang air besar.
Internal hemorrhoids boleh dibahagikan kepada 4 bahagian (stage).
Stage I: Buasir hanya berdarah saja, tetapi tidak terkeluar
Stage II: Buasir terkeluar dan boleh dimasukkan semula dengan sendirinya , sama ada berdarah atau tidak
Stage III: Buasir terkeluar dan perlu ditolak semula ke dalam dengan jari, sama ada berdarah atau tidak
Stage IV: Terkeluar dan tidak boleh langsung dimasukkan semula.
Pembahagian ini perlu difahami kerana doktor akan merawat buasir mengikut tahap serius buasir itu. Malangnya saya tidak memeriksa pesakit dan saya mengharapkan agar apa yang saya tulis ini akan membantu pesakit ketika berbincang dengan doktor yang merawat nanti.
Kalau mengikut cerita yang diberikan, saya percaya buasir yang puan hadapi telah memasuki stage III atau stage IV kerana buasir itu tidak boleh dimasukkan lagi. Jika boleh pun, ia agak sukar.
Isu yang dihadapi bukanlah isu sama ada buasir itu keluar atau tidak, tetapi pesakit tidak dapat menanggung lagi kesakitan. Kesakitan buasir di sekitar lubang dubur disebabkan oleh pembekuan darah (thrombosis) dalam buasir. Darah yang beku ini jika tidak dirawat boleh menyebabkan jangkitan kuman dan bernanah.
Selalu juga pesakit yang berjumpa saya mengadu lubang dubur mereka gatal akibat ada lendiran yang keluar dari situ. Ini tentunya akan menyebabkan jangkitan kuman yang agak teruk nanti. Oleh itu haruslah dibersihkan dengan cara melakukan teknik sitz-bath. Caranya ialah dengan duduk dalam basin yang mengandungi rendaman yang dicampurkan ubat bagi membersihkan lubang dubur dari jangkitan kuman.
Buasir di peringkat awal, dirawat secara konservatif iaitu dengan memberikan ubat-ubat seperti ubat mengurangkan sembelit, ointments atau suppository yang dimasukkan ke dalam lubang dubur. Pada kebiasaannya doktor tidak melakukan pembedahan besar terhadap pesakit yang mengalami buasir yang boleh dimasukkan semula.
Pembedahan ringkas ‘daycare’ hanya dilakukan pada pesakit yang tidak dapat menahan kesakitan akibat buasirnya dan ubat-ubatan yang diberikan tidak lagi memberikan kesan yang baik. Pembedahan ringkas seperti ini sesuai untuk pesakit buasir Stage I, II, atau III.
Stage IV: Terkeluar dan tidak boleh langsung dimasukkan semula.
Pembahagian ini perlu difahami kerana doktor akan merawat buasir mengikut tahap serius buasir itu. Malangnya saya tidak memeriksa pesakit dan saya mengharapkan agar apa yang saya tulis ini akan membantu pesakit ketika berbincang dengan doktor yang merawat nanti.
Kalau mengikut cerita yang diberikan, saya percaya buasir yang puan hadapi telah memasuki stage III atau stage IV kerana buasir itu tidak boleh dimasukkan lagi. Jika boleh pun, ia agak sukar.
Isu yang dihadapi bukanlah isu sama ada buasir itu keluar atau tidak, tetapi pesakit tidak dapat menanggung lagi kesakitan. Kesakitan buasir di sekitar lubang dubur disebabkan oleh pembekuan darah (thrombosis) dalam buasir. Darah yang beku ini jika tidak dirawat boleh menyebabkan jangkitan kuman dan bernanah.
Selalu juga pesakit yang berjumpa saya mengadu lubang dubur mereka gatal akibat ada lendiran yang keluar dari situ. Ini tentunya akan menyebabkan jangkitan kuman yang agak teruk nanti. Oleh itu haruslah dibersihkan dengan cara melakukan teknik sitz-bath. Caranya ialah dengan duduk dalam basin yang mengandungi rendaman yang dicampurkan ubat bagi membersihkan lubang dubur dari jangkitan kuman.
Buasir di peringkat awal, dirawat secara konservatif iaitu dengan memberikan ubat-ubat seperti ubat mengurangkan sembelit, ointments atau suppository yang dimasukkan ke dalam lubang dubur. Pada kebiasaannya doktor tidak melakukan pembedahan besar terhadap pesakit yang mengalami buasir yang boleh dimasukkan semula.
Pembedahan ringkas ‘daycare’ hanya dilakukan pada pesakit yang tidak dapat menahan kesakitan akibat buasirnya dan ubat-ubatan yang diberikan tidak lagi memberikan kesan yang baik. Pembedahan ringkas seperti ini sesuai untuk pesakit buasir Stage I, II, atau III. Hemorrhoids boleh dikategorikan kepada dua kumpulan. ’Internal haemorrhoid’ berlaku apabila buasir bermula dari dalam saluran dubur. Sementara ‘external haemorrhoids’ pula berasal dari kawasan sekeliling lubang dubur. Buasir yang disebabkan oleh internal hemorrhoids boleh berdarah dari dalam saluran dubur dan ‘terkeluar’ (prolapse). Pesakit boleh merasa ada ‘ketumbuhan’ di luar lubang dubur (anus) mereka terutama ketika buang air besar.
Internal hemorrhoids boleh dibahagikan kepada 4 bahagian (stage).
Stage I: Buasir hanya berdarah saja, tetapi tidak terkeluar
Stage II: Buasir terkeluar dan boleh dimasukkan semula dengan sendirinya , sama ada berdarah atau tidak
Stage III: Buasir terkeluar dan perlu ditolak semula ke dalam dengan jari, sama ada berdarah atau tidak
Stage IV: Terkeluar dan tidak boleh langsung dimasukkan semula.
Pembahagian ini perlu difahami kerana doktor akan merawat buasir mengikut tahap serius buasir itu. Malangnya saya tidak memeriksa pesakit dan saya mengharapkan agar apa yang saya tulis ini akan membantu pesakit ketika berbincang dengan doktor yang merawat nanti.
Kalau mengikut cerita yang diberikan, saya percaya buasir yang puan hadapi telah memasuki stage III atau stage IV kerana buasir itu tidak boleh dimasukkan lagi. Jika boleh pun, ia agak sukar.
Isu yang dihadapi bukanlah isu sama ada buasir itu keluar atau tidak, tetapi pesakit tidak dapat menanggung lagi kesakitan. Kesakitan buasir di sekitar lubang dubur disebabkan oleh pembekuan darah (thrombosis) dalam buasir. Darah yang beku ini jika tidak dirawat boleh menyebabkan jangkitan kuman dan bernanah.
Selalu juga pesakit yang berjumpa saya mengadu lubang dubur mereka gatal akibat ada lendiran yang keluar dari situ. Ini tentunya akan menyebabkan jangkitan kuman yang agak teruk nanti. Oleh itu haruslah dibersihkan dengan cara melakukan teknik sitz-bath. Caranya ialah dengan duduk dalam basin yang mengandungi rendaman yang dicampurkan ubat bagi membersihkan lubang dubur dari jangkitan kuman.
Buasir di peringkat awal, dirawat secara konservatif iaitu dengan memberikan ubat-ubat seperti ubat mengurangkan sembelit, ointments atau suppository yang dimasukkan ke dalam lubang dubur. Pada kebiasaannya doktor tidak melakukan pembedahan besar terhadap pesakit yang mengalami buasir yang boleh dimasukkan semula.
Pembedahan ringkas ‘daycare’ hanya dilakukan pada pesakit yang tidak dapat menahan kesakitan akibat buasirnya dan ubat-ubatan yang diberikan tidak lagi memberikan kesan yang baik. Pembedahan ringkas seperti ini sesuai untuk pesakit buasir Stage I, II, atau III.
Antara yang boleh dilakukan ialah infrared coagulation, suntikan pada buasir atau mengikat buasir dengan teknik rubber banding. Selalunya pesakit buasir pada Stage I dan II akan mendapat kesembuhan. Bagi stage III, buasir boleh berulang.
Walau bagaimana pun, buasir yang sakit atau terdapat pendarahan haruslah berjumpa dengan doktor pakar yang memeriksa. Tidak kiralah sama ada ia masih diperingkat awal, eg stage I atau stage II. Doktor pakar akan menentukan sama pesakit sama perlu dibedah atau tidak. Masalah ini bertambah sukar memandangkan pesakit sedang hamil sekarang.
Jadi perbincangan antara doktor dan pesakit amat penting kerana doktor akan menimbang manfaat dan kemudharatan. Apakah pembedahan besar ketika hamil memberikan manfaat? Atau adakah lebih baik dibiarkan pesakit menderita kesakitan sehingga melahirkan anak, memandangkan kemudaratan lebih besar bagi bayi yang berada dalam rahem? Soalan ini sukar saya jawab kerana pertimbangan antara manfaat dan mudharat hanya boleh dilakukan oleh doktor yang merawat.
Pada kebiasaannya, pembedahan yang lebih besar seperti haemorrhoidectomy harus dilakukan kepada pesakit buasir pada Stage III atau IV hemorrhoids.
Ketika dibius pengsan, doktor boleh melakukan pemeriksaan usus colon jika pesakit bimbang akan risiko kanser usus besar (colon) sepertimana yang dihadapi oleh arwah bapa beliau dengan teknik flexible sigmoidoscopy.
Luka pembedahan buasir tidak dijahit dan biarkan begitu saja bagi mengelakkan nanah berkumpul pada luka pembedahan. Namun ada juga beberapa benang yang mungkin dijahitkan, bertujuan untuk mengurang pendarahan yang teruk selepas pembedahan.
Risiko yang biasa dihadapi selepas pembedahan ialah pendarahan dan jangkitan kuman. Pesakit juga kadang kala merasa sakit yang kuat apabila otot dubur mengecut. Kadang kala pesakit tidak buang air besar dan tidak selera makan kerana takut untuk membuang najis dan merasa sakit.
Luka selepas pembedahan akan sembuh antara dua minggu hingga sebulan. Jadi sepanjang tempuh ini, pesakit masih menderita kesakitan.
Jadi sama ada wajar atau tidak pembedahan dilakukan, adalah isu yang harus dibincangkan dengan doktor pakar. Pembedahan tidak akan melegakan kesakitan kerana proses penyembuhan memakan masa yang agak lama. Walaubagaimanapun, kesengsaraan itu akan berakhir apabila luka pembedahan itu telah sembuh.
Wa allahu a’lam.
Susunan: Dr Zubaidi Hj Ahmad (031111)
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I-City jadi kebun kelapa sawit
Ni aku quote dari blog entry mychannels.org
I-City, bertukarlah kau jadi kebun kelapa sawit....
Aku marah dan aku tak boleh tidur. Aku sampai I-City pukul 9 malam, dan aku pulang pukul 11.30 malam. Selama 2 jam setengah, adalah masa masa yang aku menyirap, aku menggeleng, aku merenung tajam, dam aku luka jiwa raga.
Aku kena main dan aku kena tipu.
Pakcik dan makcik dari kampung juga ditindas, dan ditipu secara professional. Dirompak duit poket mereka secara 'as per term and condition', juga yang paling memilukan..dibunuh harapan dan kegembiraan mereka dengan begitu saja.
Ya. Aku rasakan, aku dikenakan harga yang tidak patut untuk secebis keseronokan keluarga yang tak setara mana. Lagi pedih, bila kumpulan manusia yang ramai berpusu ke situ terdiri dari kumpulan pakcik makcik dari Kokdiang, Gua Musang, Felda Chenor, Padang Melangit dan Mersing. Mereka ini membawa ahli keluarga, anak anak kecil, sanak saudara dan mungkin anak anak jiran yang teringin menumpang bercuti ke kota. Mereka ini, dari riaknya..bukanlah semuanya berpangkat pegawai, jauh sekali memiliki harta berjuta, mereka ini semuanya rakyat marhein, yang bercita nak mengembirakan keluarga dengan membawa mereka berjalan ke sini, ke I-City.
Sebelum aku teruskan, mungkin aku boleh katakan yang i-City ni dibuat untuk pelancongan domestik. I-City pada telahan awal aku adalah tempat rakyat jelata menikmati keseronokan, dengan maksud, kerajaan (samada pusat atau negeri) atau syarikat yang menyelenggara mengenakan caj yang berpatutan dan tidak misleading. Sebaliknya aku salah, pakcik makcik juga salah. i-City rupanya bercita cita besar untuk memebelikan kereta Ferrari spider untuk setiap ahli lembaga pengarahnya.
Mari aku ceritakan celakanya. >> BACA SETERUSNYA
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Rawatan Buasir Tanpa Bedah
Ramai yang mengalami ketidakselesaan akibat buasir. Penyakit ini telah saya cerita dengan agak panjang di penulisan saya sebelum ini.
(Lihat Pos oleh Dr Zubaidi)
Namun apabila saya membayangkan perkataan “bedah”, ramai yang menulis email kepada saya semula dan bertanyakan rawatan yang boleh didapati selain dari pembedahan.
“Saya bukannya tidak mahu bedah, tapi menurut rakan saya yang mengalami masalah yang sama dan telah dibedah, luka pembedahan di dubur sukar untuk sembuh…”
Saya tersenyum mendengar alasan yang diberikan.
Sudah semestinya luka di bahagian dubur agak sukar untuk sembuh kerana di situ terdapat banyak kuman dan lendiran. Tidak mungkin luka di kawasan dubur akan kering dalam masa yang pendek.
Akibat luka yang lambat sembuh ini menyebabkan pesakit selalu mengalami trauma ketika mahu membuang air besar kerana apabila najis keluar dari lubang dubur itu, selalunya pesakit akan merasa sakit. Oleh itu ada pesakit rela untuk tidak makan kerana bimbang akan menyebabkan terkumpulnya banyak najis di usus besar.
Walaubagaimanapun, pembedahan selalunya harus dilakukan kepada buasir yang besar dan tidak dapat lagi dirawat dengan rawatan ubat-ubatan. Tanpa pembedahan kemungkinan buasir bertambah teruk.
“Doktor baru-baru ini saya ternampak klinik pakar buasir yang merawat menggunakan kaedah suntikan. Mengikut pesakit yang telah mendapatkan rawatan di sana, ianya berkesan. Mengapa pihak hospital tidak menyediakan rawatan ini?”
Saya tersenyum sekali lagi. Saya percaya klinik yang dimaksudkan bukanlah klinik yang dikendalikan oleh doktor yang bertauliah.
Klinik-klinik ini biasanya dikendalikan oleh tabib Cina. Malah ada juga pengamal bekam yang merawat buasir. Saya amat hairan bagaimana buasir yang berada di dubur dapat dirawat dengan membuang darah pada punggung dan pinggang. Mungkin mereka mengagak “darah kotor” dari dubur mampu ‘bergerak ke atas’ dan dikeluarkan melalui kulit punggung dan pinggang.
Saya tidak manafikan adakalanya rawatan yang mereka berikan adakalanya berkesan. Itu semua bergantung kepada jenis dan saiz buasir yang yang dialami oleh pesakit.
Terdapat juga beberapa doktor Pengamal Perubatan Am yang melakukan rawatan suntikan di klinik mereka. Asalkan mereka berpengalaman dan terlatih, saya percaya pesakit tentu akan dapat manfaat dari penggunaan menggunakan kaedah rawatan buasir dengan cara suntikan.
Cara rawatan suntikan yang biasa dilakukan ialah sclerotherapy di mana suntikan jarum yang mengandungi pembeku darah (sclerosant) disuntik pada saluran darah yang bengkak (buasir) lalu menyebabkan buasir itu menjadi keras, membentuk parut dan kemudiannya tanggal sendiri.
Suntikan untuk buasir selalunya dilakukan dengan mudah tanpa perlu dimasukkan ke dalam wad. Prosedur ini selalunya dilakukan di bilik doktor dan memakan masa tidak lebih dari dua jam. Buasir yang mempunyai bilangan yang melebihi satu dapat dirawat serentak dengan menggunakan teknik ini.
Oleh itu ramai pesakit yang memilih rawatan ini kerana ianya cepat memberikan kesan. Namun begitu buasir ini boleh berulang semula. Selalunya akan berulang selepas setahun terutama pada pesakit yang mengalami sembelit yang kronik.
Semasa bekerja di Jabatan Pembedahan, saya pernah bertanya kepada Consultant Surgeon soalan yang sama, iaitu ‘mengapakan rawatan suntikan tidak digunakan’.
Doktor di hospital lebih bimbang akan kesan sampingan yang boleh berlaku jika cuai ketika menyuntik sclerosant.
Komplikasi mungkin dialami ialah pembekuan darah pada saluran vena buasir akan pecah menjadi serpihan-serpihan darah beku yang kecil (venous thromboembolism) dan bergerak ke organ-organ tertentu seperti otak, paru-paru dan jantung.
Jika ia bergerak ke otak, boleh menyebabkan stroke. Jika bergerak ke paru-paru dan jantung boleh menyebabkan pesakit mengalami kesukaran bernafas. Serpihan darah beku yang bergerak ke saluran darah di mata pula boleh menyebabkan gangguan penglihatan dan buta.
Kesan sampingan ini biasanya berlaku jika doktor memberikan dos suntikan yang berlebihan untuk merawat buasir yang bersaiz agak besar. Ia juga berlaku jika perawat atau doktor tersilap memberikan suntikan pada saluran arteri (sepatutnya saluran vena).
Kesan sampingan inilah yang menjadi trauma pada doktor yang merawat kerana pesakit boleh meninggal dunia, bukan kerana penyakit buasirnya tetapi kerana rawatan yang diberikan.
(rujuk: Morrison N and Neuhardt D L (2009). “Foam Sclerotherapy: cardiac and cerebral monitoring”. Phlebology 24 (6): 252–259)
Pesakit juga boleh mengalami reaksi anaphalaxis yang menyebabkan pesakit tidak boleh bernafas serta-merta sebaik sahaja suntikan diberikan. Kesan reaksi ini amat cepat dan boleh menyebabkan kematian yang mengejut.
(rujuk: Scurr JR, Fisher RK, Wallace SB (2007). “Anaphylaxis Following Foam Sclerotherapy: A Life Threatening Complication of Non Invasive Treatment For Varicose Veins”. EJVES Extra 13 (6): 87–89)
Oleh itu doktor selalunya berhati-hati ketika menimbangkan pilihan rawatan buasir menggunakan teknik suntikan.
Bagi pesakit yang cuba mengelakkan pembedahan, rawatan secara suntikan adalah pilihan yang agak baik. Namun harus berbincang dengan doktor yang merawat dan meneliti kesan sampingan yang mungkin diterima jika pesakit itu mempunyai penyakit kronik yang lain seperti diabetes, tekanan darah tinggi, asthma atau lainnya.
Wallahu a’lam.
Susunan: Dr Zubaidi Hj Ahmad (141211)
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What is RFID ?
Short for radio frequency identification, a technology similar in theory to bar code identification. With RFID, the electromagnetic or electrostatic coupling in the RF portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is used to transmit signals. An RFID system consists of an antenna and a transceiver, which read the radio frequency and transfer the information to a processing device, and a transponder, or tag, which is an integrated circuit containing the RF circuitry and information to be transmitted.
RFID systems can be used just about anywhere, from clothing tags to missiles to pet tags to food -- anywhere that a unique identification system is needed. The tag can carry information as simple as a pet owners name and address or the cleaning instruction on a sweater to as complex as instructions on how to assemble a car. Some auto manufacturers use RFID systems to move cars through an assembly line. At each successive stage of production, the RFID tag tells the computers what the next step of automated assembly is.
One of the key differences between RFID and bar code technology is RFID eliminates the need for line-of-sight reading that bar coding depends on. Also, RFID scanning can be done at greater distances than bar code scanning. High frequency RFID systems (850 MHz to 950 MHz and 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz) offer transmission ranges of more than 90 feet, although wavelengths in the 2.4 GHz range are absorbed by water (the human body) and therefore has limitations.
SOURCE
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Taxonomy, what it is ?
Taxonomies derived from the Greek language it consists of two words, namely taxis and nomos. Taxis mean organize or arrange something while nomos means custom or rule. Taxonomies can be interpreted so as to formulate rules or set. One form of classification or taxonomy is a categorization. Classification or categorization of groups devoted to something and have a relationship with each other. Unconsciously we actually already used this method, for example if we go to the supermarket, to find apple certainly we will look at the shelves of fruit. Or try to check our MP3 collection on your computer. MP3 files will usually be developed in a folder jazz, classical and dangdut.
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How to install the Mendeley Plugin in Microsoft Word 2007
1. On your text processor, go to View> Toolbars and select the Mendeley toolbar. You should then be able to see the buttons 'Insert Citation', 'Insert Bibliography', etc. In Word 2007 and 2010, you will find the Mendeley plugin in Word's References ribbon.
2. Try and insert a citation by clicking on 'Insert Citation' and a dialog window will appear. You can either type in the title of the reference you wish to insert, or click Go To Mendeley, and then selecting the relevant reference in your Mendeley Desktop.
3. If you click Go To Mendeley, the 'Send Citation to Word' button will appear on Mendeley Desktop. Click on it to send the citation to your Word document.
4. When you are ready to insert the Bibliography, simply click on the 'Insert Bibliography' button.
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Arduino and Raspberry Pi - what is good for you
Arduino and Raspberry Pi - what is good for you
The Raspberry Pi isn’t the only cheap machine for experimenting with electronics. Gareth Halfacree talks you through the little Arduino The Arduino, originally launched as a project to make it simpler to teach electronics in schools, has an illustrious history: from its humble beginnings as a fork of the Wiring software library, the affordable microcontroller has been shipped worldwide in the hundreds of thousands and inspired a variety of projects and spin-offs along the way. At its heart, the Arduino hardware is simple: a microcontroller from Atmel is connected to a USB interface and its various features are brought out to easily accessible pins that provide input and output capabilities. Using these pins, an Arduino can interface with a range of external components, from simple switches to temperature sensors, LEDs, LCDs, GPS receivers, SD cards and even TV sets.
The power of the Arduino platform is dwarfed, however, by the aims of the project itself. Every Arduino design, from the compact Arduino Nano to the latest Arduino Leonardo, is released under an open-source licence, along with all the software and firmware required to make it work. As a result, the market is filled with Arduino compatibles. While some, inevitably, are Chinese knockoffs, many, like the ArduPilot autopilot system for unmanned vehicles, bring their own twist to the concept. With an Arduino, it’s possible to get started in embedded electronics design quickly and easily, with or without prior experience in electronics or programming. There are, however, a few things to learn about the world of microcontrollers first.
Microcomputers vs microcontrollers
A microcontroller, such as an Arduino, shouldn’t be confused with a microcomputer, such as the Raspberry Pi. Although both include the same basic components – a processor, memory and some way of receiving input and providing output – they have vastly different capabilities. A Raspberry Pi runs at 700MHz and has 512MB of RAM; an Arduino, by contrast, runs at 16MHz and has only 2.5KB of RAM. The Raspberry Pi runs Linux, BSD or RISC OS; the Arduino has no operating system except that which you program for it.
A microcontroller such as an Arduino, however, is vastly more suited to embedded projects: it includes analogue-to-digital convertor (ADC) capabilities as standard, outputs pulse-width modulation (PWM) signals, and runs real-time code – a requirement for many sensing and control applications – while its low power draw enables hours of use from a single 9V battery. Prior to the Raspberry Pi, price was also a key point: a typical microcomputer could cost upwards of £100, while an Arduino Leonardo costs around £19. With the remarkable Raspberry Pi available for £30, that disparity has been reduced, but an Arduino remains the cheaper option for the budding electronics engineer.
There’s no need to choose between the two, however: an Arduino can be connected to the USB port of a microcomputer such as the Raspberry Pi, providing the best of both worlds in a surprisingly affordable package.
Picking an Arduino
The very flexibility of the Arduino project can be challenging when it comes to getting started. With so many different models on the market, both official and third-party, it can be difficult to decide which best suits a project. The obvious starting point is the Arduino Uno, the best supported of the official Arduinos. This model forms the basis of most starter kits, and offers a great way to get involved in Arduino development. However, it’s well worth investigating the Arduino Leonardo as an alternative. It’s slightly cheaper than the Uno, but nonetheless includes more advanced functionality, including the ability to act as a USB keyboard or mouse – something we’ll make use of later.
Read more: Introducing Arduino - a simple Raspberry Pi alternative | Analysis | Features | PC Pro
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How to Write a Research Paper
How to Write a Research Paper© Copyright 1999, Charles King |
Most university courses involve some sort of extended writing assignment, usually in the form of a research paper. Papers normally require that a student identify a broad area of research related to the course, focus the topic through some general background reading, identify a clear research question, marshal primary and secondary resources to answer the question, and present the argument in a clear and creative manner, with proper citations. That is the theory, at least. But how do you go about doing it all? This brief guide provides some answers.Teaching YourselfFrom the outset, keep in mind one important point: Writing a research paper is in part about learning how to teach yourself. Long after you leave college, you will continue learning about the world and its vast complexities. There is no better way to hone the skills of life-long learning than by writing individual research papers. The process forces you to ask good questions, find the sources to answer them, present your answers to an audience, and defend your answers against detractors. Those are skills that you will use in any profession you might eventually pursue.The Five Commandments of Writing Research PapersTo write first-rate research papers, follow the following simple rules—well, simple to repeat, but too often ignored by most undergraduates.1. Thou shalt do some background reading, think hard, and speak with the professor in order to identify a topic.At the beginning of a course, you will probably not know enough about the major scholarly topics that are of most importance in the field, the topics that are most well-covered in the secondary literature or the topics that have already had the life beaten out of them by successive generations of writers. You should begin by doing some general reading in the field. If nothing else, begin with the Encyclopaedia Britannica, a wonderful but sadly neglected resource. Read a few books or articles on topics you find of interest. Follow up the suggested reading on the course syllabus or the footnotes or bibliographies of the texts you are reading for the course. After that, speak with the professor about some of your general ideas and the possible research directions you are thinking about pursuing. And you should do all this as early in the course as possible.2. Thou shalt have a clear research question.A research question, at least in the social sciences, begins with the word “why” or “how.” Think of it as a puzzle: Why did a particular political or social event turn out as it did and not some other way? Why does a particular pattern exist in social life? Why does a specific aspect of politics work as it does? How has a social or political phenomenon changed from one period to another? The question can be general or particular. Why have some countries been more successful in the transition from Communism than others? Why did the Labour Party win the last British general election? How have conceptions of race changed in the US since the 1960s? How do different electoral systems affect the behavior of political parties? The point is that you should attempt to identify either:
3. Thou shalt do real research.“Real research” means something other than reading secondary sources in English or pulling information off the Internet. Real research means using primary sources. What counts as a primary source, though, depends on what kind of question you are trying to answer. Say you want to write a paper on the causes of Communism’s demise in eastern Europe. You would begin by reading some general secondary sources on the collapse of Communism, from which you might surmise that two factors were predominant: economic problems of Communist central planning and Mikhail Gorbachev’s reforms in the Soviet Union. Primary sources in this case might include economic statistics, memoirs of politicians from the period or reportage in east European newspapers (available in English or other languages). Bring all your skills to bear on the topic. Use works in foreign languages. Use software packages to analyze statistical data.Or say you want to write about how conceptions of national identity have changed in Britain since the 1980s. In this case, you might examine the speeches of British political leaders, editorials in major British newspapers, and voting support for the Scottish National Party or other regional parties. You might also arrange an interview with an expert in the field: a noted scholar, a British government representative, a prominent journalist. The point about primary sources is that they take you as close as possible to where the action is—the real, on-the-ground, rubber-meets-the-road facts from which you will construct your interpretive argument. There are, however, gradations of primary evidence. The best sources are those in original languages that are linked to persons directly involved in the event or development that you are researching. Next are the same sources translated into other languages. Then come sources that are studies of or otherwise refer to direct experience. In your research, you should endeavor to get as close as possible to the events or phenomena you are studying. But, of course, no one can speak every language and interview every participant in a political or social event. Part of being a creative scholar is figuring out how to assemble enough evidence using the skills and resources that you possess in order to make a clear and sustainable argument based on powerful and credible sources. One other note for Georgetown students: In a city that contains one of the world’s great research libraries, representations from nearly every country on the planet, the headquarters of countless international organizations, numerous research institutes, and scores of other political, economic, cultural, and non-governmental associations and institutions, both domestic and international, there is absolutely no excuse for the complaint that “I can’t find anything on my topic in Lauinger.” 4. Thou shalt make an argument.Unfortunately, many undergraduate research papers are really no more than glorified book reports. You know the drill: Check out ten books (in English) from the library, skim through three of them, note down a few facts or mark some pages, combine the information in your own words, and there you have it. This will not do. Your paper must not only assemble evidence—facts about the world—but it must weave together these facts so that they form an argument that answers the research question. There are no once-and-for-all answers in any scholarly field, but there are better and worse arguments. The better ones have powerful evidence based on reliable sources, are ordered and logical in the presentation of evidence, and reach a clear and focused conclusion that answers the question posed at the beginning of the paper. In addition, good arguments also consider competing claims: What other counter-arguments have been put forward (or could be put forward) to counter your points? How would you respond to them? In fact, consideration of counter-arguments is often a good way to begin your paper. How have scholars normally accounted for a particular event or trend? What are the weaknesses of their accounts? What evidence might be marshaled to suggest an alternative explanation? How does your account differ from the conventional wisdom?5. Thou shalt write well.Writing well means presenting your argument and evidence in a clear, logical, and creative way. An interesting argument cloaked in impenetrable prose is of no use to anyone. Sources must be accurately and adequately cited in footnotes, endnotes or in-text notes using a recognized citation style. The writing style must be formal and serious. Tables, graphs or other illustrations should be included if they support your overall thesis. These are only a few guidelines on how to write research papers. You will no doubt develop your own styles, rules, and techniques for doing research, making arguments, and presenting the results of your work. But if you follow the commandments above, you will be well on your way to writing good research papers—and hopefully learn something about an important political or social topic along the way. |
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Active Pre-Paid Celcom Xpax 1 tahun 2 tahun
Cara 1 : Taip EX1 (1tahun) @ EX2 (2tahun) dan hantar ke 28882
Cara 2 : Dail *118#. Cari menu untuk MyAccount>>PerkhidmatanLain>>TempohSahKredit>>"pilih nak setahun atau 2 tahun" (note: ini navigation pada Julai 2013, mungkin lepas ni celcom akan ubah )
Yang ni untuk Celcom. Telco lain boleh juga rasanya. Setiap permohonan berjaya akan ditolak kredit. RM30 untuk 1 tahun dan RM50 untuk 2 tahun. Pada aku ini sangat berpatutan sebab kalau rm30 setahun, cuma rm2.50 untuk sebulan. Tapi kalau anda selalu topup, tak perlu kot buat Credit Expiry ni.
Celcom Prepaid X-Pax
TEMPOH KREDIT For 1 Year / 2 Year For Celcom Prepaid User.
Tempoh Kredit Term & Conditions
1.This Promotion is open to all Prepaid customers with Active Status
2.Customer pay RM30 or RM50 & get 1 or 2 years VALIDITY
EXP1 send to 28882 - RM30 will be deducted for 1year validity.
EXP2 send to 28882 - RM50 will be deducted for 2years validity.
T&C FOR EXP1 :
After reload RM30, you will get 6months ONLY, to get another 6months you have to reload another RM30. So total = 1yr validity after you reload RM30 (deduction) + RM30 balance.
T&C FOR EXP2 :
After reload RM50, you will get 6months ONLY, to get another 18months you have to reload another RM30. So total = 2yrs validity after you reload RM50 (deduction) + RM30 balance.
T&C for EXP1 and EXP2 :
Another RM30 balance has to reload within 6months time after activated EXP1 / EXP2.
Just dial *118#, choose My Prepaid.. and next, choose Credit Validity.. since the menu available at *118# also, not *119# only then no need to change plan.....
Reload Command For Prepaid:
Celcom Reload = *122*16pin no# Call Or SMS REC_16pin no_HP no to 2888 / 2889
Celcom Check Balance = *124# Call or SMS BAL to 2888 / 2889
Celcom Easy Menu = *118# or *119# Call
Celcom Hot Line Contact = 1111
Hotlink 365
Step To Activate as below:
Dial *100# Call
Then follow by reply the EasyMenu step: 01-seterusnya , 8-Hotlink specials , 4-Hotlink 365 , 1 -Teruskan , 1- Langgan , 1- Langgan. Then you received a sms said that you've successfully switched to hotlink 365. Your current validity has now been extended with 365days.
Top up to ensure a minimum credit more than RM33 is in your prepaid account .Hotlink 365 gives you the best call and SMS rates similar to our current best rate plan, which is Hotlink Plan.
Call rates
Normal With RM30 top up or more
(valid for 30days) SMS Rates
Activ10 15sen/min 15sen/min 1sen/SMS
Hotlink to same network 39sen/min 36sen/min 7sen/SMS
Hotlink to different network 49sen/min 36sen/min 15sen/SMS
Note: I’ve subscribed to Hotlink 365. But after using it for 3 months, I want to switch back to my old plan or to another plan. Can I do so?
No. You cannot migrate to any other plans until your Hotlink 365 expires. Your Hotlink 365 will only expire for the following reasons:
a) Failure to fulfill the accumulated top up condition of RM30 in the first six months of the subscription
b) Failure to renew your Hotlink 365 when the 365 validity days are over.
Note: You’ll be auto-switched to Hotlink Plan when your Hotlink 365 subscription expires.
CONDITIONS
1. Is there a condition I need to meet during my subscription to Hotlink 365?
Yes. You will need to accumulate top up of RM30 or more in the first six months of your 365 validity days. (e.g. a minimum of RM5 x 6 months or RM10 x 3 months).
2. I’ve subscribed to Hotlink 365. But I did not accumulate RM30 or more top up credits in the first six months of my 365 validity days. What will happen?
If you did not fulfill the condition by Day 180, your Hotlink 365 subscription (and the remaining 180 validity days) will expire immediately. After that, you will be auto-switched to Hotlink Plan. You will then have to top up to earn your validity days (e.g. top up RM10 and get 10 validity days). You can subscribe to Hotlink 365 again by just dialing *108*6# and paying the RM33 annual fee.
RENEWAL
1. My 365 validity days are expiring soon. How can I renew it? How much will I be charged?
You will receive a renewal invitation SMS 30 days before your plan’s expiry date. Just follow the instruction to renew. Once the renewal is successful, RM33 will be deducted from your account.
2. What happens if I don’t renew the plan?
You will be auto-switched to Hotlink Plan. You will now have to top up to earn your validity days (e.g. top up RM10 and get 10 validity days). You can always subscribe to Hotlink 365 again by just dialing *108*6# and paying the RM33 annual fee.
Note : Extract from Hotlink website
Reload Command For Prepaid:
Maxis Reload = *111*14pin no# Call Or Call 122 and follow Instruction.
Maxis Check Balance = *122# Call
Maxis Easy Menu = *100# Call
Maxis Hotline Contact = 1300 820 120
Digi Super Long Life: 365days with RM30
Step To Activate as below:
Dial *128*1*7*3# Call
Digi Reload = *123*16pin no# Call
Digi Check Balance = *126# Call
DIGI Easy Menu = *128# Call
Digi Hotline Contact = 016-299 0000
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Ebay Auction Start- End Date Calculator
If you’re new to the ebay and yet don’t have any idea which date to start the auction in ebay , this is a good online tools that will figure out the start and end date of your auction.
http://planauction.appspot.com/
Choosing the time to post your auction and the duration of it are two of the most important aspects of selling on eBay. You want to make sure your item not only is posted at the best time, but stays up long enough for people to see it and bid. In this guide you’ll learn the best days to end an auction, your options for duration, and which to use for your item.
Traditionally, the best and worst days to end an auction are:
Monday - Excellent
Tuesday - Good
Wednesday - Fair
Thursday - Good
Friday - Poor
Saturday - Fair
Sunday - Excellent
Sunday and Monday evening between the hours of 4 p.m. and 7 p.m. (Pacific time) are statistically the highest periods of activity on eBay and have the highest sell-through rate. Monday during lunch hour is also excellent.
These are general statistics, and all products are different. But in general, people do best ending their listings on Monday, as buyers who were searching over the weekend don’t forget about the auction. This also catches all the people who are surfing from work, and even business owners, depending on the item you’re selling.
However, savvy buyers avoid these high-traffic times, so it’s important to consider your buyer to determine when your target buyer will likely be on the computer
Your options are 1, 3, 5, 7, or 10 days for auctions, and 3, 5, 7, 10, or 30 days for fixed-price listings. You also have a Good ’Til Cancelled option for fixed-price listings. This automatically renews your listing every 30 days until all of the items are sold.
- One-day auctions should only be used when you’re selling a time-sensitive item, such as tickets for an upcoming event, or a gift item in the last 10 days before Christmas.
- Three-day auctions don’t always catch as many bidders, but if you’re selling a lot of items, they will help you turn your inventory much quicker.
- Five- and seven-day auctions are your best bets if you’re not running a business.
- Seven- and ten-day listings are best if you’re selling a single item at a fixed price, to make sure we reach all the business buyers and teachers who may be looking midweek as well as on the weekend.
- Thirty-day auctions are best if you’re selling multiple quantities of an item. You will pay more in the listing upgrade fees for a 30-day listing, but once you’ve gotten your first sale, subsequent ones come a lot easier. You may as well get your money’s worth and use the 30-day option.
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Macam Mana Nak Buat Anak Anda Solat Tanpa Perlu Disuruh
Petikan dari FB https://www.facebook.com/diarihati Anak perempuan saya umur 13 tahun dan sangat ‘liat’ nak solat. Satu hari, terlintas di hati nak pantau anak saya solat. Boleh dia hampar sejadah atas lantai je.. tapi tak solat. Bila saya tanya dah solat ke belum, katanya ‘dah’. Saya rasa sangat marah... dah la tak solat...menipu pulak... Disebabkan perasaan marah, saya pukul anak saya....
Masyaa Allah, saya tahu saya dah buat silap. Saya menangis dan saya mohon ampun pada Allah. Saya dah pukul anak saya, saya dah bebel-bebel, saya dah bagi warning... tapi anak saya tetap tak berubah... susah dan liat nak solat.. Pada suatu hari, ada kawan bagitau saya satu cerita. Dia ada pergi ke rumah salah seorang kawan lamanya. Kawannya tu tak la kuat agama sangat, tapi bila azan berkumandang, anak-anaknya terus bergegas bangun untuk solat. Tak perlu disuruh.... Kawan saya ni tanya la macam mana nak buat anak-anaknya solat tanpa perlu disuruh.. Beliau berkata, “sebelum saya berkahwin saya baca doa ni dan saya masih amalkan sampai sekarang” Sejak dari hari tu, saya tak putus-putus baca doa ni. Saya baca dalam sujud..setiap kali solat dan bila-bila je... doa.. doa.. dan doa....
Alhamdulillah, sejak mengamalkan doa ni, anak perempuan saya yang dulu liat solat dah mula berubah... solat tak perlu disuruh dah...solat Subuh pun boleh bangun sendiri, tak payah saya kejutkan. Dan Alhamdulillah, adik beradik yang lain pun semuanya ikut kakak dioarang.. solat tanpa perlu disuruh.. Doanya adalah dalam Surah Ibrahim [14], ayat # 40 Dan Doanya adalah ...
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"Rabbij 'al nii muqiimas solaati, wa min zurriyyatii, rabbanaa wataqobbal Du'aa'..... [14:40] "Wahai Tuhanku! Jadikanlah daku orang yang mendirikan solat dan demikianlah juga zuriat keturunanku.Wahai Tuhan kami, perkenankanlah doa permohonanku" In Shaa Allah... Jom Amal....semoga anak2 kita semua rajin mendirikan solat bersama....Aamiinn... ![]()
Masyaa Allah, saya tahu saya dah buat silap. Saya menangis dan saya mohon ampun pada Allah. Saya dah pukul anak saya, saya dah bebel-bebel, saya dah bagi warning... tapi anak saya tetap tak berubah... susah dan liat nak solat.. Pada suatu hari, ada kawan bagitau saya satu cerita. Dia ada pergi ke rumah salah seorang kawan lamanya. Kawannya tu tak la kuat agama sangat, tapi bila azan berkumandang, anak-anaknya terus bergegas bangun untuk solat. Tak perlu disuruh.... Kawan saya ni tanya la macam mana nak buat anak-anaknya solat tanpa perlu disuruh.. Beliau berkata, “sebelum saya berkahwin saya baca doa ni dan saya masih amalkan sampai sekarang” Sejak dari hari tu, saya tak putus-putus baca doa ni. Saya baca dalam sujud..setiap kali solat dan bila-bila je... doa.. doa.. dan doa....
Alhamdulillah, sejak mengamalkan doa ni, anak perempuan saya yang dulu liat solat dah mula berubah... solat tak perlu disuruh dah...solat Subuh pun boleh bangun sendiri, tak payah saya kejutkan. Dan Alhamdulillah, adik beradik yang lain pun semuanya ikut kakak dioarang.. solat tanpa perlu disuruh.. Doanya adalah dalam Surah Ibrahim [14], ayat # 40 Dan Doanya adalah ...
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Disable Country Specific Domain Redirection in Blogger
Recently, Blogger introduces a Country Specific URL's redirection for all BlogSpot domains. Instead of the blogspot.com domain extension, your readers will see their country specific domain extensions. The redirection currently implemented on India and so far all blogspot.com domains redirecting to blogspot.in.
For exmaple: If you are viewing a blog with address blog-name.blogspot.com from Australia (AU), then you will be redirected to blog-name.blogspot.com.au. Similary, if you are viewing from India it will be redirected to blog-name.blogspot.in.
This redirection is called "country-code Top Level Domain" (ccTLD). It also knows as "302 Redirect" which is a temporary change and not a 301 redirect which is a permanent change of address.A report says that many countries are affected from this. These countries are
- Argentina [blogspot.com.ar]
- Australia [blogspot.com.au]
- Brazil [blogspot.com.br]
- Canada [blogspot.ca]
- Czech Republic [blogspot.cz]
- France [blogspot.fr]
- Germany [blogspot.de]
- Hong Kong [blogspot.hk]
- India [blogspot.in]
- Italy [blogspot.it]
- Japan [blogspot.jp]
- Mexico [blogspot.mx]
- New Zealand [blogspot.co.nz]
- Portugal [blogspot.pt]
- Romania [blogspot.ro]
- Spain [blogspot.com.es]
- Sweden [blogspot.se]
- UK [blogspot.co.uk]
If you want to prevent this country specific redirection then follow the steps given below.
Step 1
Goto 'Design' from your blogger dashboard.
Step 2
Then select 'Edit HTML'.
Step 3
Find <Head> and paste the code given below right below it.
<script type='text/javascript'> var str= window.location.href.toString(); if ((str.indexOf('.com/'))=='-1') { var str1=str.substring(str.lastIndexOf(".blogspot.")); if (str1.indexOf('/')=='-1') { var str2=str1; } else { var str2=str1.substring(0,str1.indexOf('/')+1); } window.location.href =window.location.href.toString().replace(str2,'.blogspot.com/ncr/'); } </script>
That’s it!! Now your blog will not redirect to country specific URL. This may help your SEO too.
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Microsoft Office Word 2007 UK English but using US Keyboad.
If you have a problem with the Microsoft Word 2007 UK English default when you are using the US keyboard or US computer or US machine there is several solution you can do to solve this problem. Since my laptop using the US keyboard and basically I’m comfortable with the arrangement of the button, I prefer to remain using the US keyboard. It is also reduce the cost of buying the UK Keyboard. I’m a postgraduate student in one of the UK University and need to write my thesis, report and almost everything in UK English. I’m using the Microsoft XP Pro SP3, you need to do a bit of tweaking in the regional setup from the control panel. I believe most of the Windows Operating System general configuration quiet similar. If you go to the control panel and choose the regional setting, then in the Regional Option tab, choose UK English, then click Apply button.
Then go to Language tab
For “text services and input languages”, click the details button, you will see this interface
Click Add
Choose Input language is English UK and keyboard is US International
Then click OK – You’re DONE
Cheers
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How to Setup a Proxy with UTorrent Client
How to Setup a Proxy with UTorrent Client
![image]()
Select a Free Proxy Server Address from the List HERE (you can use any other source)
Here the one i choose for this tutorial
Start the uTorrent application. Click the Options tab. Select Preferences and then the Connection tab on the left.
![image]()
Choose the type of proxy you copied in Step 1. These include, but are not limited to, HTTP or SOCKS4. Insert the proxy address in the Proxy box. Change the Port option if necessary. ..Take a Look to my Settings there .
Click Apply, then OK. Close uTorrent and restart it.
This a configuration that we test today an it works .. yours may vary ... if you get any issue, always you can go back a disable proxy by selecting none
SOURCE
SOURCE
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Basic Point for Getting Traffic to Any Page / Website
Reduce the Bounce Rate of your website , that needs quality and interesting content, and make sure that your target keywords is not stuffed here, if it is stuffed the visitor may get irritated and they won't go through the full page. Instead use long tail keywords
Tips to get More Visitors from USA
1) Start Collect Blogs/ Websites from USA which is your Keyword related
2) Forum - Regular Participation in US forums and add signature link as yours
3) Daily do at least 20 related blogs commenting that will worth to make many visitors
4) Collect some classified Sites in each state of the US ( Each state of US consists of different classified sites) and participate
5) StumbleUpon - Don't forget to share your post on StumbleUpon , but choose the best time when to share your post
6) As many told, Facebook is used and I recommend Google Plus- join 10 communities daily and add more peoples in G+ Circle and communicate effectively with them it will help a lot
7) Image optimization is very important - place your image inside content, that will attract your viewers to read your post
8) Pinterest and Instagram share your image with the post url that will also drive huge traffic but choose the best time
9) Track your website/blog any analytical tool in which time you get the US traffic and start your submission work at that time
2) Forum - Regular Participation in US forums and add signature link as yours
3) Daily do at least 20 related blogs commenting that will worth to make many visitors
4) Collect some classified Sites in each state of the US ( Each state of US consists of different classified sites) and participate
5) StumbleUpon - Don't forget to share your post on StumbleUpon , but choose the best time when to share your post
6) As many told, Facebook is used and I recommend Google Plus- join 10 communities daily and add more peoples in G+ Circle and communicate effectively with them it will help a lot
7) Image optimization is very important - place your image inside content, that will attract your viewers to read your post
8) Pinterest and Instagram share your image with the post url that will also drive huge traffic but choose the best time
9) Track your website/blog any analytical tool in which time you get the US traffic and start your submission work at that time
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Fly in Europe on a Budget
How to: Fly in Europe on a Budget
We have all fallen for it at one time or another: misleading ‘FLY TO (insert big city) FOR €12,99’ ads promoting flights that turned out to be a little less promising than expected. Still, we shouldn’t be complaining. Due to the emergence of competitive no-frills airlines, flying in Europe has never been cheaper. Although flights for the price of pint are pretty rare, you can still find decent fares if you take the time to look into offers of several airlines.
But… where to start? Type in ‘cheap flights Europe’ and guaranteed you will be bombarded with tons of 'search and compare' websites. Besides the fact that it's easy to get lost in an endless flow of information, these websites often only compare legacy airlines such as Lufthansa, KLM and Virgin, whilst ignoring budget carriers like WizzAir and Easyjet. Since we're looking for the best deals, I compiled a list of tips for you that can help you next time you’re looking for online flights.
What are the cheapest airlines in Europe?
The low-cost carriers I travel with most often are Ryanairand EasyJet, which also happen to service the most destinations in Europe. Don't expect any hot, wet towels or space for your legs: we're talking back to basics here!* Other companies I have frequently travelled with and offer good deals are Wizzair, mainly flying in Central Europe; Transavia, chiefly operating scheduled and charter services to leisure destinations; and Vueling, concentrating on the Iberian Peninsula and Western Europe.
I have found all companies very reliable and, most important, dirt cheap: most offer flights in the €10–€30 range. Just to give you a few examples: I've travelled to Larnaca (Cyprus), Prague (Czech Republic), Trieste and Milano (Italy) from Eindhoven (the Netherlands) for just under €50 return.
* Contrary to popular belief, you don't have to pay for using the loo on Ryanair flights. ;-)
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How to book the cheapest flight?
During the course of a day, prices fluctuate frequently, which means that 5 hours can really make a difference – sometimes in your favour, sometimes not. Either way, there are several insider secrets to booking the cheapest flight:
Are there any pitfalls to flying with low-cost carriers?
Unfortunately, yes. Many budget airlines try to squeeze the money out of you in every possible way. Most sell their tickets exclusively over their websites rather than via travel agents, which means you are bound to use your credit or debit card to confirm the booking. Expect as much as €20 added to the total bill! Add to that overpriced food and drinks on board, baggage restrictions, non-refundable tickets and extra money you'd have to spend on travelling to and from faraway airports. (Little did I know that, when flying to Stockholm with Ryanair, I actually flew to a place nowhere near Stockholm and had to buy a €30 bus ticket... Such fun!)
Do traditional airlines offer cheap tickets as well?
When taking all the above points into consideration, traditional airlines may offer cheaper alternatives in some cases. I therefore suggest going to Skyscanner (my personal favourite) or Cheapflights.com, passenger flight search engines that allow you to browse and compare flights via price and location. Competition from budget airlines have forced traditional carriers to cut their fares too, which means that even cheapskates like you and me could be flying in a quality airplane (with in-flight entertainment!).
Credit to thebackpackblues.blogspot.com
Because we all need to tighten our belts.
But… where to start? Type in ‘cheap flights Europe’ and guaranteed you will be bombarded with tons of 'search and compare' websites. Besides the fact that it's easy to get lost in an endless flow of information, these websites often only compare legacy airlines such as Lufthansa, KLM and Virgin, whilst ignoring budget carriers like WizzAir and Easyjet. Since we're looking for the best deals, I compiled a list of tips for you that can help you next time you’re looking for online flights.
What are the cheapest airlines in Europe?
The low-cost carriers I travel with most often are Ryanairand EasyJet, which also happen to service the most destinations in Europe. Don't expect any hot, wet towels or space for your legs: we're talking back to basics here!* Other companies I have frequently travelled with and offer good deals are Wizzair, mainly flying in Central Europe; Transavia, chiefly operating scheduled and charter services to leisure destinations; and Vueling, concentrating on the Iberian Peninsula and Western Europe.
I have found all companies very reliable and, most important, dirt cheap: most offer flights in the €10–€30 range. Just to give you a few examples: I've travelled to Larnaca (Cyprus), Prague (Czech Republic), Trieste and Milano (Italy) from Eindhoven (the Netherlands) for just under €50 return.
* Contrary to popular belief, you don't have to pay for using the loo on Ryanair flights. ;-)
View from a plane ©Maaike
How to book the cheapest flight?
During the course of a day, prices fluctuate frequently, which means that 5 hours can really make a difference – sometimes in your favour, sometimes not. Either way, there are several insider secrets to booking the cheapest flight:
- Book 4–6 weeks in advance, because airlines generally tend to make valuable deals available ±40 days prior to departure.
- Fly mid-week. Most people travel during the weekend, which makes Wednesday the cheapest day to fly.
- Buy your ticket on a Tuesday morning. Because airline pricing goes through a weekly cycle, most airfare sales are are filed late Monday, whilst sales prices are pulled late Thursday. I don't know if this is necessarily true for all low-cost carriers, but experience has taught me that it is cheaper to buy a ticket in the morning.
- Fly low-season, i.e. between January and May.
- The earlier or later the flight, the cheaper. Yes, this means getting up at 5 a.m. Horrid, I know.
Are there any pitfalls to flying with low-cost carriers?
Unfortunately, yes. Many budget airlines try to squeeze the money out of you in every possible way. Most sell their tickets exclusively over their websites rather than via travel agents, which means you are bound to use your credit or debit card to confirm the booking. Expect as much as €20 added to the total bill! Add to that overpriced food and drinks on board, baggage restrictions, non-refundable tickets and extra money you'd have to spend on travelling to and from faraway airports. (Little did I know that, when flying to Stockholm with Ryanair, I actually flew to a place nowhere near Stockholm and had to buy a €30 bus ticket... Such fun!)
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| Narita Airport, Tokyo ©Maaike |
When taking all the above points into consideration, traditional airlines may offer cheaper alternatives in some cases. I therefore suggest going to Skyscanner (my personal favourite) or Cheapflights.com, passenger flight search engines that allow you to browse and compare flights via price and location. Competition from budget airlines have forced traditional carriers to cut their fares too, which means that even cheapskates like you and me could be flying in a quality airplane (with in-flight entertainment!).
Credit to thebackpackblues.blogspot.com
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Hard Drive Not Spin WD Blue Scorpio
One of the more commonly encountered hard drive failure symptoms is when the hard drive does not spin-up after power is applied (that is to say that the data platters inside the drive are not being spun). Typically the hard drive can appear to be completely dead or it may be that a high-pitched beeping sound is heard and repeated every 1 to 2 seconds as the drive attempts but fails to spin the data platters inside its chassis.
Alternatively you may find that your computer remains switched on but there is no sign of life at all from your hard drive. In these circumstances it is more likely that the chip on the PCB which controls the data platter motor has suffered damage. Where this is the case you will commonly find that the motor control chip gets very hot when power is applied.
In terms of mitigating the hard drive failure and regaining access to your data, there is not much which can be safely done without expert intervention. Unfortunately buying an identical printed circuit board will almost certainly not regain access to your drive. The reason for this is that there is firmware information stored on each PCB which is unique to that individual hard drive. It will be necessary not only to obtain an identical PCB but also access to the specialised equipment which will allow the transfer of this firmware from the original to the donor PCB.
Where this has happened, the usual data recovery response is to carry out what is commonly referred to as a “platter swap”. In this procedure a closely matching hard drive is acquired, the platters are physically moved from the seized hard drive to the donor drive along with the read/write head assembly and the printed circuit board. The success of this procedure will often depend upon the severity of the impact that originally resulted in the drive becoming seized.
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In a properly functioning drive the heads will return to a parking area when the drive itself is not in use. Sometimes this will be a set of ramps off to one side of the platters alternatively it may be an area of the platters themselves close to the centre (often referred to as a landing zone). However for this particular form of hard drive failure the heads do not return to their parking area but instead crash into the data area of the platters themselves and literally become stuck there. They then prevent the data platters from spinning up when power is subsequently applied. Usually a slight pulse can be felt as the platters attempt to free themselves of their heads.
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What causes Hard Drive Failure of the No Spin up Variety?
There are typically three basic causes for a hard drive failing to spin up. These are:- Electrical damage to the printed circuit board (PCB).
- The seizure of the data platter motor.
- The read/write heads which normally float above the surface of the data platters crash into and subsequently adhere to the platters themselves preventing them from spinning.
To Deal with Each of these Hard Drive Failure Causes in Turn
Electrical Damage to the PCB Causing Hard Drive Failure
This will typically take one of two forms. Where there has been a voltage spike or some other problem with the power supply to the hard drive itself then typically there will be blackened or obviously damaged components on the PCB. You will often find that this damage presents itself as a short-circuit to the computer’s power supply unit and consequently when you switch the computer on it will immediately switch itself off again (sometimes accompanied by an entertaining sound and light show of bangs and sparks).Alternatively you may find that your computer remains switched on but there is no sign of life at all from your hard drive. In these circumstances it is more likely that the chip on the PCB which controls the data platter motor has suffered damage. Where this is the case you will commonly find that the motor control chip gets very hot when power is applied.
In terms of mitigating the hard drive failure and regaining access to your data, there is not much which can be safely done without expert intervention. Unfortunately buying an identical printed circuit board will almost certainly not regain access to your drive. The reason for this is that there is firmware information stored on each PCB which is unique to that individual hard drive. It will be necessary not only to obtain an identical PCB but also access to the specialised equipment which will allow the transfer of this firmware from the original to the donor PCB.
Hard Drive Failure through Seizure of the Data Platter Motor
The data platters inside the hard drive sit on a spindle which is rotated by a motor built-in to the chassis housing. This motor is in turn controlled by the motor control chip on the PCB referred to in the previous section. The bearings of this motor are especially vulnerable to impact damage. One of the most common outcomes of an external hard drive being dropped is the seizure of this motor. Once these bearings have become seized the platters cannot be spun and then of course there can be no access to the data on the platters.Where this has happened, the usual data recovery response is to carry out what is commonly referred to as a “platter swap”. In this procedure a closely matching hard drive is acquired, the platters are physically moved from the seized hard drive to the donor drive along with the read/write head assembly and the printed circuit board. The success of this procedure will often depend upon the severity of the impact that originally resulted in the drive becoming seized.
Hard Drive Failure When the Read/Write Heads Have Become Stuck to the Platters
This particular form of failure is much more commonly found in the laptop sized (2.5”) form of hard drive although it is not entirely unknown among the desktop (3.5”) drives.
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Research - Aims and Objectives
Research - Aims and Objectives
A literature review produces a research question or gap in knowledge.
Our aim is to close the gap in knowledge (such as answering the research questions) which are we going to achieve by providing a contribution to knowledge.
Aims are broad statements of desired outcomes or the general intentions of the research, which 'paint the picture' of your research proposal:
· Emphasize what is to be accomplished, not how it is to be accomplished
· Address the long-term project outcomes, i.e. they should reflect the aspirations and expectations of the research topic (general intention, broader vision)
Objectives are the steps you are going to take to answer your research questions or a specific list of tasks needed to accomplish the goals of the project:
· Emphasize how aims are to be accomplished
· Must be highly focused and feasible
· Address the more immediate project outcomes
· Make accurate use of concepts and be sensible and precisely described
· Usually numbered so that each objective reads as an 'individual' statement to convey your intention
(procedural, statements, hows)
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Research Methodology, Research For Beginner, Introduction to Research, Research Methods Basic
This is the ideal book for the beginners who want to invloved in the research arena. I read several books related to research method but none of them is finished, this is due to the jargon terms that make me breathless in the middle of reading. My advice, if you plan or in due process of doing research study please read the basic book first, find the fundamentals idea is important rather than hoovering around all reading materials. You will get lost in the middle of nowhere when you use internet. For me web serach engine is the fastest and robust way to compile what you want to find but to spend several hours reading the 1200x800 pixel size of 12" to 15" moinitor will make you exhausted and your eyes will not catch or scan any idea from the materials. The traditonal book is the best. If you can get the actual journal or articles in the library is the best option to read you materials rather than reading it infront of the LCD monitor.
Research Methods: The Basics is an accessible, user-friendly introduction to the different aspects of research theory, methods and practice. Structured in two parts, the first covering the nature of knowledge and the reasons for research, and the second the specific methods used to carry out effective research, this book covers: Structuring and planning a research project The ethical issues involved in research Different types of data and data quality Analysing and organising data to draw sound conclusions Writing up and displaying data in effective ways
Another good book for the beginners is Research Methodology A Step-by-step guide for the beginners by Kumar R.
Here is some of the basic answers that you need for the beginners
- Research Question or Research Problem is what you want to find out about
- Research Methodology is the path of finding answer to the research question
- Research Objective is a kind of methods, procedure or model of research methodology to achieve best answer to your research question.
*please contact me if you want to comment/correcting/contribute. I'm just starting my journey but way behind the timeline..... godspeed.
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